Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus. This tissue can grow on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other organs in the pelvic area.

Of the conditions we discuss at Uterine Care Collaborative, Black women are diagnosed with endometriosis the least. However, studies indicate that when Black women are diagnosed with endometriosis, they receive poorer quality healthcare. Research also suggests that many women may not be aware they have endometriosis due to diagnostic delays or misdiagnosis attributed to implicit bias and stereotypes.

Endometriosis is often marked by infertility, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the inability to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.

In addition to recognizing symptoms of endometriosis or changes in your body, we also want you to prepare for conversations about fertility and exploring other routes to parenthood.

What are the symptoms of endometriosis?

When this tissue grows outside of the uterus, it can cause a variety of symptoms. There is currently no cure for endometriosis, so we emphasize learning to recognize the following symptoms:

  • Pelvic pain: This is often described as a cramping or stabbing pain that can be severe, especially during or after menstruation.

  • Heavy bleeding: Menstrual bleeding may be heavier than usual, last longer, or occur between periods.

  • Painful sex: Sex can be painful, especially during or after penetration.

  • Infertility

  • Fatigue: Feeling tired or exhausted.

  • Lower back pain

  • Painful bowel movements or urination

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it's important to see a doctor for a diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms of endometriosis and improve your quality of life.

What are the statistics?

  • According to a study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Black women are also less likely to receive endometriosis surgery – and if they do, are more likely to experience surgical complications afterwards.

  • According to a review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data from 2010 to 2018, Black or African American and Hispanic patients were less likely to receive minimally invasive surgery for hysterectomy or nonhysterectomy procedures and had oophorectomies (ovary removal surgery) performed at younger ages more frequently than White women.

  • A 2018 study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology indicated that on average, women experience a delay of 7–12 years from the onset of endometriosis pain symptoms to a surgical diagnosis.

  • A 2023 study published in Fertility and Sterility indicated that Black women with fibroids or endometriosis experience worse clinical and surgical outcomes than their White counterparts.

Questions to Ask Your Provider

Explore questions to ask your healthcare provider about uterine cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), fibroids, and endometriosis. Learn about diagnosis, treatment options, side effects, and support resources that help you make informed decisions.